The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphite moderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Advanced monte carlo methods for analysis of very high. The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. The features of closed brayton cycle and subcritical. Group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design.
Water reactor geniv fast reactor very high temperature reactor coolant water sodium helium power density mwm3 100 350 5. Apr 18, 2015 group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. Volume stability, expansion, and shrinkage at high temperatures. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. To minimize thermal stress in hightemperature components, the temperature was raised within the rate of 35ch when the outlet coolant temperature is less than below 650c and 15ch when the coolant temperature is above 650c. Tritium behaviors in a very high temperature reactor high temperature steam.
Today, the technical feasibility and the advantages of this reactor. High temperature electrolysis and thermochemical water splitting offer two promising methods for nuclear powered hydrogen production. Internationally, there are only two high temperature systems under consideration. Reactor gfr, molten salt reactor msr, supercritical watercooled reactor scwr, and very high temperature reactor vhtr 2, 3 figure 1. Generation iv reactors integrated materials technology program plan.
The very hightemperature reactor vhtr design descriptions, technology. The status of high temperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. S department of energy doe is conducting research on the very high temperature reactor vhtr design concept for the next generation nuclear plant ngnp project. There are currently 439 reactors with a total generating capacity of 372 gwe.
Development and verification of tritium analyses code for. Creep is a time dependent property, which determines the deformation in a given time and at a given temperature by a refractory material under stress. Very high temperature reactor vhtr energy independence. Generation iv reactors integrated materials technology. Aug 01, 2008 generation iv reactors integrated materials technology program plan.
High temperature reactor china 10 mwth 4 mwe electric pebble bed under construction initial criticality dec 2000 intermediate heat exchanger steam cycle. Besonders wertvoll ist hochtemperaturwarme c, deren erzeugung mit very high temperature reactors vht angedacht ist. A very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr is an inherently safe reactor that can produce heat of 750c950c. Thermal vs fast reactors all operating nuclear reactors.
In addition, this report includes updated information on codes and standards for high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs at the time of. High temperature material irradiations knowledge of graphite behaviour under irradiation is crucial for the operation of gascooled reactors and the development of high temperature reactor technology. It will be a midsize reactor with a thermal power of about 600 800. By virtue of its high temperature heat, a vhtr can be used in hightemperature process heat applications, including hydrogen production and highefficiency. Pdf very hightemperature reactor vhtr proliferation. High temperature reactor assisted fluid fuel production is a longterm sustainable alternative. Pdfreactor is the perfect printing component to convert html to pdf files in a highquality way. Manual or computer automated image analysis is performed to measure the. Advantages of very high temperature reactors clear passive safety mechanism 1. The vhtr system is designed to be a highefficiency system that can supply process heat to a broad spectrum of hightemperature and energy intensive, nonelectric process es.
Air ingress phenomena in a depressurization accident of the very high temperature reactor. For quickly archiving a web page these html file converters will serve you with the basic functions either from html or an url. The very high temperature reactor vhtr there has been a recent resurgence of interest for helium cooled high temperature reactors. Graphite also has a high thermal conductivity, which facilitates the transfer of heat to the reflector, and it can withstand high temperatures. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr another type of reactor uses heliu m gas instead of water as its medi a for removing heat from the core. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. Temperature test reactor japan, high temperatur e reactor 10 htr10. Reactors reactions are usually the heart of the chemical processes in which relatively cheap raw materials are converted to more economically favorable products. Focus on very high temperature reactor materials showing 14 of 111 pages in this report. Request pdf impact of variable porosity models on the safety of high temperature pebble beds gascooled reactor. The reactor power was kept at 50 % 15 mw th, 67% 20 mw th, and 100% 30 mw th.
Very high temperature reactor vhtr inl digital library. Advanced nuclear reactors such as the very high temperature gascooled reactors vhtrs from the generation iv program are endowed with electricity production and industrial process heat capabilities. The vhtr system is designed to be a highefficiency system that can supply process heat to a broad spectrum of hightemperature. Materials in generationiv very high temperature reactors. Evolutionary lwr, small modular reactors, and geniv reactors are expected as next generation nuclear power plants. Very high temperature reactor system inpro dialogue forum vienna, 14 april 2016 michael a. Among the 6 candidates of the gen iv nuclear systems in the technical roadmap of gen iv international forum gif, the very high temperature reactor vhtr is primarily dedicated to the cogeneration of electricity and hydrogen, the latter being extracted from water by using thermochemical, electrochemical or hybrid processes.
This paper provides an initial description and technical analysis of its key features. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. Technology assessments introduction high temperature reactor htr systems i. Pdf overview and status of the advanced hightemperature. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect topics. It will supply heat with high core outlet temperatures which will enable applications such as hydrogen production and process heat for the petrochemical industry. The resulting hpenhs reactor concept is unique in offering sustainable proliferationresistant nuclear energy that can be delivered at very high temperatures. The moltensaltcooled advanced high temperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature 750 to ec heat to enable efficient lowcost 1 thermochemical production of hydrogen h2 or 2 production of electricity. In particular this report addresses the comments provided by inl and documented in 1463 rev. Study of convection heat transfer in a very high temperature reactor flow channel. Fabrication and testing of a hightemperature printed. An experimental system was constructed in accordance with the standard astm c83506 to measure the total hemispherical emissivity of structural materials of interest in very high temperature reactor vhtr systems.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the international effort in the development of the very high temperature reactor system pursued through international collaboration in the generation iv international forum gif and an outlook for further activities. Peoples republic of china, peach bottom 1 united states, thorium hochtemperatur reaktor germany, and fort st. The basic technology for the vhtr has been established in former high temperature gascooled reactor plants dragon, peach bottom, avr, thtr, fort st. The moltensaltcooled advanced high temperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature 750 to ec heat to enable efficient lowcost 1.
Reactors jordan university of science and technology. Inpro manualproliferation resistance, volume 5 of the final. Htgr high temperature gas reactor htr10 high temperature test reactor china httr high temperature test reactor japan htrnpr high temperature gas reactor new production reactor inl idaho national laboratory isi inservice inspection lbb leakbeforebreak lwr light water reactor mhtgr modular high temperature gascooled reactor. A new reactor concept, the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr, is being developed to meet these specific requirements. Air ingress phenomena in a depressurization accident of the. Evolutionary power reactor vhtr very high temperature reactor wano world association of nuclear operators wci western climate initiative.
A new reactor concept, the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr. High temperature gas reactors idaho national laboratory. Very high temperature reactor presented by taher, md iktiham bin 15983781 khan, md rabiul islam 15982791 islam, kazi rashedul 15984751 2. International status of htgrs by juergen kupitz and john b. Moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor for.
Mini reactors are going places and pack a lot of power. Macroscopic structural analysis on a 10 kw class labscale. The very high temperature reactor marks the next evolutionary step in reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% thermal efficiency, and producing cleanburning hydrogen via carbonfree processes. Fe were recycled continuously from the bottom of the core. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Very high temperature reactor vhtr the very high temperature reactor vhtr is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor. Advanced nuclear power systems international status of htgrs. Status of the very high temperature reactor system. High and very high temperature reactor research for multipurpose energy applications.
Survey of sodiumcooled fast reactor fuel handling systems for relevant design and operating characteristics anlgeniv069 by j. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. Fourth international topical meeting on high temperature reactor technology, volume 1. Overview on the very high temperature reactor system inpro dialogue forum vienna, 14 april 2016 michael a.
Pdf high and very high temperature reactor research for. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Pdf in 2005, the us passed the energy policy act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a hightemperature gas reactor htgr by 2021. Dee advanced nuclear power systems for more than 25 years, development programmes on the high temperature gascooled reactor htgr have been conducted in a number of member states. The high graphite inventory provides significant thermal inertia. Safety, high efficiency, process heat application are well recognized for vhtr after fukushima accident, gif concepts must be shown to excel in safety process heat application to reduce co 2 emission is very important vhtr has two stages of commercial target. The very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr is one of the candidates of. These temperatures are at the very limits of practical engineering materials.
Its functions go way beyond online tools that save html pages as pdf. The only high temperature gascooled reactor htgr in the united states was the fort st. High temperature gas cool reactor technology development pdf. The helium flows through the reactor core from the bottom to the top, and is cooled down in the steam generator. Very high temperature reactors will supply process heat that can be used to generate the high temperatures required for clean hydrogen production.
Simple electrolyzer model development for hightemperature. Very hightemperature reactor vhtr proliferation resistance. Two of the primary challenges associated with the neutronic analysis of the very high temperature reactor vhtr are accounting for resonance selfshielding in the particle fuel contributing to the double heterogeneity and accounting for temperature feedback due to doppler broadening. It is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron spectrum. In this paper, the performance of closed brayton cycle cbc and two subcritical combined cycles were investigated and compared. In addition, the technologies for the vhtr are being advanced in the gas turbinemodular helium reactor. High temperature process steam and process heat capability offer cogeneration opportunities now. The vhtrs are designed with the capability of delivering high pressure, high temperature. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. Current nuclear plants in operation are mainly genii and geniii reactors.
The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. Although these seven htgrs vary in size, outlet temperature. Types nuclear reactor design advantages and disadvantages of vhtr conclusion and future works 3. The vhtr reference concept is a heliumcooled, graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor with an outlet temperature of c. Chtr, being developed in barc, is a prototype technology demonstrator reactor in the. Proceedings of the fourth international topical meeting on high temperature reactor technology.
The advanced high temperature reactor the primary challenge for nuclear h2 production is the requirement to deliver heat to the thermochemical plant at very high temperatures. The very high temperature reactor vhtr, or high temperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Resolve technical issues and challenges offered by the doe nuclear hydrogen initiative nhi and next generation nuclear plant ngnp project in regard to nuclear connection design, construction. The research reported in this thesis addresses both. Abstract july 2011the entire thesis text is included in the research. The helium flows through the reactor core from the bottom to the top, and is. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems parr. High temperature gascooled reactors lessons learned. In addition, the technologies for the vhtr are being advanced in the gas turbinemodular helium reactor gt.
By virtue of its high temperature heat, a vhtr can be used in hightemperature process heat applications, including hydrogen production and highefficiency electricity generation. Vapourtec has developed the uv150, a pioneering photochemical reactor that will lead to more efficient, precise, consistent, safe and scalable photochemical synthesis offering potential routes for novel compounds and building blocks together with possible new manufacturing processes. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. High temperature gascooled reactor htr and very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr, are the most promising and achievable fourthgeneration nuclear reactor for its inherent safety.
The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Tritium transport in very high temperature reactors for. Pdf a new reactor concept, designated the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr, is being developed that uses liquid fluoride salt as a coolant. Aug 05, 2019 the preferred intermediate coolant is lif 2 bef2. The concept of such a reactor was developed by siemensinteratom in the 1980s. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems posted on may 16, 2011 september 26, 2011 parrs customizable reactors and pressure vessels can be designed for up to 5,000 psi and temperatures to 500 c. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually. High temperatures reactors for hydrogen production i. The contraction or expansion of the refractories can take place during service life. In this study, the optimum size of the compact heat exchanger has been developed based on its weight and pumping power for the reference design of 600 mwt very high temperature gascooled reactor.
The advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr for producing. Convert html to pdf, html to pdf converter pdfreactor. Considering very small petroleum reserves and increasing oil prices worldwide, it is prudent that india find an alternative to oil for its transport applications. Htgr fuel is often much more highly enriched than the fuel in a watercooled reactor, with up to 8% uranium235. Simple electrolyzer model development for hightemperature electrolysis system analysis using solid oxide electrolysis cell jaehwa koh 1. Impact of variable porosity models on the safety of high. Total hemispherical emissivity of very high temperature reactor vhtr candidate materials. Total hemispherical emissivity of very high temperature. The rise and demise of south africas pebble bed modular reactor 2010 pdf. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures. Materials for advanced fission and fusion reactors steve zinkle. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. Seven gascooled htrs have been built around the world in england, germany, the united states, japan, and china. The strategy is to limit the peak reactor temperature and still deliver.